Parasitic diseases are a large group of diseases caused by helminths, some arthropods and protozoa.
Despite all the results of modern medicine and the hygiene developed, according to statistics, about 90% of people around the world at least once in their lives faces these pathologies.How to suspect the disorder and which tests to pass for parasites, you can find out from this article.
Types of parasites
Parasites are called organisms that survive due to the vital activity of living beings.Having established in the human body, in the process of their growth and reproduction lead to a shortage of trace elements, vitamins, proteins and other nutrients.They can both lead to recurrence and exacerbations of chronic pathologies and cause damage to the internal organs alone.
There are the following types of parasites that can cause diseases in humans:
- Protozoa (Amoebas, Lamblia);
- pathogenic microorganisms (Chlamydia, Micoplasma and others);
- Elmininti (Ascaridi, Pinworms, bull and pork chain and so on);
- parasitic arthropods (scabies, demodex).
The main feature of the pathologies they caused by them is an asymptomatic or low path -Sympomic in the long term.Parasites skillfully hide their existence, trying to "squeeze the owner out of the body" until his reservations are exhausted and the organ or fabric are seriously damaged.
Symptoms of parasitic diseases
Parasitous pathologies are often meaning Elminiasis - Diseases caused by the presence of worms in the body.In most cases, they are found in children, however, they can develop in adults in case of abandonment of hygiene rules.For a long time after the infection, they do not manifest themselves in any way or are accompanied by inconspicuous symptoms that often remain without attention.
Each disease is characterized by certain characteristics, but there are also common signs:
- Headache, dizziness, increased weakness and fatigue.These manifestations are a consequence of intoxication resulting from poisoning with waste products of parasites.
- Exacerbation of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, urticaria.They arise due to the greater sensitivity to the cells of the helmet and their excretion products.
- Dysfunction of the digestive system (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, burning of stomach, constipation and diarrhea).The elmints that parasitize the intestinal lumen cause inflammation and intestinal obstruction due to the blocking of the intestinal lumen.
- Anemia, vitamin deficiency, weight loss.It occurs due to the lack of proteins, vitamins and microelements, decrease in the production of hormones.
- Sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, irritability, nervousness, muscle and joint pain.
To detect most of the types of helminths, it is necessary to perform an examination of the stool or donate the blood to verify the presence of specific antibodies.You can undergo the test in the clinic of your place of residence, at the time of hospitalization, as well as in any of the private workshops.Some medical centers offer an in -depth examination, during which it is possible to diagnose the presence or absence of different types of parasites in the body.
Test for parasites
Your doctor will tell you what tests you need to do if you suspect a parasitic disease based on your complaints, medical history and clinical manifestations of the disease.
The diagnosis begins with an examination of the general blood.The most characteristic changes of Elmintiasis will be:
- Decrease in hemoglobin levels and decrease in the number of red blood cells (it occurs due to lack of protein and iron).
- Increase in the number of leukocytes, acceleration of the VES (they are signs of inflammation of the internal organs, in particular of the gastrointestinal tract).
- An increase in eosinophils (a characteristic sign of an allergy that occurs in response to the irritating effects of helminth waste products).
For a more accurate diagnosis, stool analysis for helminth eggs and scrapings are used.During the examination of feces, it is possible to detect pathogens of enterobiasis, ascariasis, hymenolipedosis, and also detect the presence of protozoan microorganisms (giardia).
It is important to remember that with a single test the probability of detecting worms in the stool is 30%.Therefore, to clarify the diagnosis, with the first negative result, the study is carried out two more times with a 2-4 days interval.
To increase the accuracy of the study, it is important to carefully prepare for sending feces for analysis.The biological material must be collected only in a special sterile container, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.A few days before the exam it is advisable to stop eating staining foods (beets, red fruits, exotic fruits, sweets and coloring drinks) and not use laxatives or rectal suppositories.
Analysis of immunoformio
Using ELISA analysis in adults and children, antibodies produced by the human body can be detected in response to the presence of foreign objects in it.To do this, blood is drawn from a vein where, in a laboratory, specific IgG antibodies to Giardia, Trichomonad, pork and bull tapeworms, Trichinellah, Echinococcus, Txocaris and Pinworms can be detected.With the help of this study, the presence of almost all parasites in the human body can be detected.
Preparation for studying is not complicated.It is necessary to take the analysis in the morning, on an empty stomach after starvation for 8-10 hours.On the eve of the study, it is advisable not to take antibacterials and antihistamines, and also not to eat allergens (honey, seafood, exotic fruits and red berries, nuts).Immediately before donating blood, experts recommend relaxing in the laboratory waiting room for 10-15 minutes.
The results of the study became known after 1-2 days.These studies are conducted both as initial diagnosis and as a control over treatment.
Timely detection and modern effective treatment of parasitic diseases avoid dangerous health complications.